Unfolding the History of Diwali: Insight into India’s Ancient Festival of Lights

India’s rich history and vibrant culture come to life in its many festivals, and Diwali—also known as Deepavali—is undoubtedly one of the most captivating. For travelers visiting India during this festival, understanding Diwali’s roots will deepen your appreciation of its unique customs, vibrant celebrations, and profound cultural significance. Diwali goes beyond lights and festivities; it’s a journey through centuries-old legends, symbolic rituals, and the unwavering spirit of good triumphing over evil.

Here’s a look at the history and stories behind Diwali to help you see this beloved festival through the eyes of India’s people.

The Legend of Lord Rama

One of the most well-known stories of Diwali is the return of Lord Rama to his kingdom of Ayodhya, after a 14-year exile. According to the epic Ramayana, Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and his brother Lakshmana returned home after defeating the demon king Ravana, who had kidnapped Sita. The people of Ayodhya welcomed them back by lighting earthen lamps (diyas) and decorating the city with lights, symbolizing the victory of good over evil.

The Story of Lord Krishna and Narakasura

In some regions, particularly in Maharashtra and parts of South India, Diwali is associated with the defeat of the demon king Narakasura by Lord Krishna. According to this tale, Narakasura was a malevolent ruler who spread terror and injustice. With the help of Satyabhama, Lord Krishna vanquished him on Naraka Chaturdashi (a day before Diwali). The celebrations mark the liberation from Narakasura’s rule and the dawn of a new era of peace and prosperity.

The Harvest Festival

In ancient India, Diwali was also observed as a harvest festival, marking the end of the agricultural season and the onset of winter. For farmers and rural communities, it symbolized the time to enjoy the fruits of their labor. It was a time to prepare for the next cycle of life, to worship Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, and to invoke blessings for abundance in the upcoming season.

The Sikh Tradition - Bandi Chhor Divas

In Sikh history, Diwali holds special meaning as Bandi Chhor Divas, commemorating the release of Guru Hargobind Sahib and 52 other prisoners from the Gwalior Fort in the 17th century. On this day, Sikhs celebrate the return of Guru Hargobind to Amritsar, where he was warmly welcomed. The Golden Temple in Amritsar, lit up with thousands of oil lamps, remains an iconic sight during Diwali.

Jain Celebration of Mahavira’s Nirvana

In Jainism, Diwali marks the day of Mahavira’s nirvana or enlightenment. According to Jain tradition, Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, attained moksha (liberation) on this day. Jain temples are decorated with lamps, and followers meditate on Mahavira’s teachings, which emphasize nonviolence, self-control, and truth.

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